Scientists stunned as volcano cloud starts destroying methane

When Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai erupted beneath the South Pacific in January 2022, the explosion ranked among the most powerful volcanic events of the modern era. But researchers have now uncovered an unexpected consequence of that eruption: the enormous volcanic cloud appears to have helped destroy some of the methane pollution…

Smelling chocolate helped men complete more reps without feeling more tired

A tough leg day may have an unexpectedly simple boost: the smell of chocolate. According to a new study published in Frontiers in Physiology, exposure to chocolate aromas before and during resistance exercise helped participants complete more repetitions without making the workout feel more difficult. “Exposing moderately trained men to…

This Australian cave hid 25,000 years of ritual secrets

The GunaiKurnai, an Australian Aboriginal nation, are recognized as the traditional custodians of Gippsland and the southern Victorian Alps. Caves within their lands have long been linked to spiritual practices. Accounts recorded in the 19th century, together with oral traditions, describe them as places where powerful learned women and men…

Scientists discover a major brain shift between ages 50 and 75

Researchers have found that the human brain begins undergoing broad changes in the way its genome is regulated starting in midlife. The findings may help explain why age is the strongest risk factor for neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease. In a new study published in Science, scientists used advanced…

UV light reveals possible camouflage on a 125-million-year-old crocodile

A remarkably preserved fossil from northeastern Spain is giving scientists a rare look at the skin, soft tissues, and possible coloration of an ancient crocodile relative that lived about 125 million years ago. The new study, published in the Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, provides the first detailed description…

The shape behind the Einstein problem just revealed strange new physics

A mathematical shape that drew global attention for solving a decades-old puzzle is now revealing an unexpected connection to physics. Researchers have found that structures based on the shape can make light form unusual chiral patterns, pointing to new ways of exploring how geometry can influence optical behavior. In a…

Supermassive black hole winds are 100 times more powerful than scientists thought

Supermassive black holes may have a much larger influence on their surroundings than scientists previously realized. New observations suggest that winds driven by these enormous objects can carry energy across roughly 300,000 light-years, reaching far beyond the galaxies that host them. Researchers found that the energy associated with these winds…

The U.S. Eradicated this flesh-eating parasite. Now it’s back

In the 1950s, New World screwworm infestations inflicted enormous losses on U.S. livestock producers. In the Southwest alone, the pest caused an estimated $50 million to $100 million in damage each year before a major eradication campaign eliminated it from the United States and pushed its range south to Panama.…

Nearly 10,000 patients reveal what works best for knee arthritis pain relief

Knee braces, water therapy, and exercise may be among the most effective drug-free options for people with knee osteoarthritis, according to a large analysis published in the open-access journal PLOS One. The research was led by Yuan Luo of the First People’s Hospital of Neijiang, China. Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is…

Tiny cell “antennas” may help explain why some babies are born with heart defects

Congenital heart disease affects roughly two out of every 100 newborns worldwide, making it one of the most common types of birth defects. Yet scientists are still working to understand exactly why these heart abnormalities develop. Researchers at the University of Copenhagen have now identified a previously unknown cellular mechanism…

Plague was killing entire families thousands of years before the Black Death

Plague is often linked to rats, packed medieval cities, and the devastating epidemics that tore through Europe during and after the Middle Ages. But new research published in Nature suggests the disease was already a deadly threat 5,500 years ago. At that time, it was killing people in small, mobile…

A coral reef thought dead for 60 years is teeming with life

A coral reef off the coast of Benin that was thought to be dead for decades has been found alive and apparently healthy. Surveys conducted in the 1960s, which were primarily designed to locate productive fishing grounds, identified what appeared to be a deep-water coral reef. At the time, researchers…

Hidden brain wiring may help keep the mind sharp as gray matter shrinks

Scientists at the Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute (Stevens INI) at the Keck School of Medicine of USC have uncovered evidence that two neighboring types of brain tissue may work together to support thinking abilities later in life. Their findings suggest that the condition of the brain’s…

Chemistry textbooks have been getting this wrong for nearly 100 years

A chemistry concept taught to generations of students may need to be explained very differently, according to an international team of researchers who say a long-accepted textbook description does not match modern evidence. The issue centers on the inductive effect, a fundamental idea in structural organic chemistry used to describe…

Crocodiles are famous for finding their way home. These ones didn’t

A new study suggests that saltwater crocodiles born or raised in captivity may not try to return to their breeding centers once they are released into the wild. The finding could help conservationists improve efforts to restore declining crocodile populations. Finding the way back home is an important behavior across…

This German submarine sank in 1917. It’s still leaking TNT

In April 1917, the German submarine UC-30 was making its way through waters near Rømø after abandoning a mission to Ireland because of engine problems. The vessel had turned back toward Germany and was close to reaching home. It never arrived. UC-30 was carrying 18 mines and six torpedoes, leaving…

Scientists discover strange link between low vitamin D and pain

Low vitamin D levels may make recovery from breast cancer surgery more painful and increase the need for opioid painkillers, according to research published in Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine. The findings suggest that breast cancer patients with vitamin D deficiency (below 30 nmol/L) could potentially benefit from supplementation before…

Scientists find how “zombie” cells fuel inflammation as we age

Inflammation is one of the immune system’s most important defenses. When the body detects an infection or injury, it sends out alarm signals that recruit immune cells and other cells to eliminate the threat and begin repairing damaged tissue. This response is essential, but it is supposed to shut down…

One Mount Etna eruption took weeks. Another happened in hours

Volcanoes are fed by enormous underground networks of magma and gas, but those systems do not always behave the same way. Even a single volcano can produce eruptions through very different processes. A Cornell-led research team has now shown just how dramatically those pathways can vary at Mount Etna in…

Back-to-back Arctic storms can double sea ice loss

Weather can dramatically reshape the Arctic’s frozen surface, and some storms appear to be far more destructive than others. Arctic cyclones often bring unusually warm, turbulent conditions that can shrink and fracture sea ice. Their effects can become much more severe when several cyclones arrive in rapid succession, keeping the…

Popular sweetener byproduct damages DNA in human cells

A chemical associated with sucralose, the artificial sweetener sold as Splenda®, damaged DNA in laboratory experiments and disrupted a model of the intestinal lining. Those findings, published in 2023, raised questions about a little studied substance that researchers detected in some samples of the sweetener. But the laboratory results are…

Scientists find a new layer of Alzheimer’s hidden in the genome

Researchers at Carnegie Mellon University’s School of Computer Science, the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and the University of Washington have uncovered a previously underexplored feature of Alzheimer’s disease that may help scientists identify new avenues for treatment. The study, published in Science, found that the three-dimensional organization of…

Physicists can’t agree on how the Universe works

The largest global survey of physicists ever conducted has revealed just how unsettled some of the biggest questions in modern physics remain. Researchers found surprisingly little agreement on topics ranging from black holes and dark matter to the long-running effort to reconcile Einstein’s theory of gravity with quantum mechanics. Even…

Most men don’t know dairy is linked to prostate cancer risk

September is Prostate Cancer Awareness Month, and a new survey suggests that many men remain unaware of a potential dietary risk factor. Just 20% of respondents knew that consuming milk and other dairy products can increase the risk of prostate cancer. Once told about the increased risk, 66% said they…

Global warming is breaking a 400-year climate link between two oceans

A new study suggests that the climate connection between the tropical Indian and Pacific oceans can be disrupted by major volcanic eruptions, while human-caused greenhouse gas emissions may now be driving an even more unusual breakdown in that relationship. Researchers at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) combined paleoclimate evidence…

Scientists are building a microscope powered by a quantum computer

Electron microscopes can reveal structures far smaller than anything visible with ordinary light. But researchers in Austria say conventional electron microscopes may be leaving valuable information on the table. In a standard system, electrons are mainly counted to build an image. Yet each electron also carries quantum information that normally…

NASA-backed scientists turn plastic waste into edible cookies

Plastic bottles and cookies may seem to have nothing in common, but researchers are finding a way to connect the two. By engineering yeast, scientists have developed a system that can transform compounds from plastic and agricultural waste into edible proteins, vitamins, flavorings, and other food ingredients. The approach could…

Physicists discover a hidden “curveball” in quantum light

Table tennis players can make a ball suddenly curve by giving it just the right spin. That motion is caused by the Magnus effect, a familiar piece of physics that also influences the flight of larger balls in sports such as soccer. Now, an international team working at the Paul…